These 15 jobs from the finance, creative, legal, administrative, and technology sectors are all showing especially high demand and salary increases relative to positions in their respective fields.

— Compiled by Robert Half International

Video producer

Projected 2012 salary range: $57,250 – $80,000
Increase from this year: 5.6 percent

Online video is watched everywhere, all the time, and a necessity to any media or communications company. Skilled producers and editors are in demand.

 User Experience (UX) designer

Projected 2012 salary range: $71,750 – $104,000
Increase from this year: 6.2 percent

UX designers develop the product interfaces we use on the Web and across mobile devices. While they are needed for their visual skills, UX designers must have at least some understanding of programming languages to gauge a design’s limitations and requirements.

Online project manager

Projected 2012 salary range: $68,500 – $100,000
Increase from this year: 6.0 percent

Project managers oversee the launch of products and services to ensure they arrive on time and within budget.

SEO specialist (1-3 years experience)

Projected 2012 salary range: $46,250 – $61,000
Increase from this year: 6.0 percent

Search Engine Optimization specialists are needed to secure preferred results across search sites, boost referrals from all over the Web, and ultimately, to drive traffic.

Database developer

Projected 2012 salary range: $82,000 – $119,750
Increase from this year: 6.9 percent

Those skilled in .NET, Java, PHP, Silverlight, MySQL, and other portal technologies are in high demand.

Senior Web developer

Projected 2012 salary range: $85,750 – $118,500
Increase from this year: 6.9 percent

As opposed to database developers, Web developers serve the front end. Their skills in HTML, Ajax, Flash, and other technologies are needed.

Software engineer

Projected 2012 salary range: $78,250 – $119,500
Increase from this year: 6.6 percent

Makers of mobile apps, cloud computing, and other software (both gaming and business) continue to stay in demand.

Senior/Supervising paralegal (7+ years experience, small/midsize firm)

Projected 2012 salary range: $51,500 – $65,000
Increase from this year: 3.8 percent

Law firms continue to add paralegals, especially those serving clients with bankruptcy and foreclosure. Paralegals assist lawyers with research, draft agreements, and prepare cases for trial.

Licensed lawyer (4-9 years experience, midsize firm)

Projected 2012 salary range: $115,750 – $168,500
Increase from this year: 5.5 percent

Lawyers who can guide clients through complex matters related to corporate and commercial litigation, insurance defense, labor and employment, class actions, and individual lawsuits are in strong demand.

Financial analyst (1-3 years experience, midsize firm)

Projected 2012 salary range: $48,500 – $64,500
Increase from this year: 4.4 percent

Companies need experienced analysts who can help them understand the story behind their financial data and identify further opportunities.

Senior auditor (large public firm)

Projected 2012 salary range: $71,000 – $92,250
Increase from this year: 3.8 percent

Public accounting firms always need an influx of auditors to conduct reviews and compliance-related requirements for their clients.

Portfolio administrator

Projected 2012 salary range: $48,000 – $70,750
Increase from this year: 3.9 percent

Portfolio administrators and managers oversee a team of analysts who choose what companies and stocks to buy for a client’s investment portfolio.

Call center manager

Projected 2012 salary range: $37,550 – $51,000
Increase from this year: 4.1 percent

Call center managers are needed to monitor customer service quality, a necessary job for any number of companies operating US-based centers.

Medical executive assistant

Projected 2012 salary range: $36,750 – $49,000
Increase from this year: 4.3 percent

Similar to regular assistants, medical executive assistants serve department chairs and senior administrators in hospitals and medical offices. Strong overall growth in the health care industry and the move to electronic health records are fueling this demand.

HR assistant

Projected 2012 salary range: $28,000 – $37,750
Increase from this year: 4 percent

Growing competition for top talent is bringing staff retention to the forefront for many employers. Experienced and skilled human resource staffs are needed to achieve this goal.

Electric heaters are used during the cold winter months to heat indoor room air temperatures. Portable heaters placed in occupied individual rooms are used when and as needed. Industrial electric heaters come in many shapes and sizes, and varieties including oil-filled units have internal heating elements that are not exposed to outside surfaces, rendering them almost maintenance-free. Simple designs such as boxy, fan-driven styles also require little care. Unlike gas heaters, electric heaters generate no carbon monoxide. They are a safe choice and potentially environmentally friendly, especially if electrical energy to run them is derived from windmills or solar-collection panels.

Instructions

1. • 1

     Turn off and unplug individual heaters, and allow them to cool to touch. Cooling the outside of the heater allows you to provide basic or thorough maintenance without burning your hands or arms. And unplugging it can help prevent electrical shock. Alternatively, wear long, heat-resistant gloves if you want to start maintenance before the electric heater is completely cooled.

   • 2

     Move the heater away from the wall and into an open floor space. Check the floor space where the heater was seated to see if any wet or oily spots are present. This could mean a leak exists and a unit that is no longer safe to operate. Thoroughly inspect the outside condition of the heater on all sides. Inspect the bottom of the heater by laying it down on its side on the floor. Look for cracks, rust and peeling paint or enamel.

   • 3

     Use a soft dust brush or a lint-free cloth, and remove dust from the surfaces. If the heater is a self-contained unit, wipe down the vertical housing with a damp cloth. Remove fan covers on high temperature resistance cartridge heater that blow hot air. Wipe down fan blades and brush dust from covers.

   • 4

     Lubricate the fan using household utility oil such as 3-in-1 oil, or check for electric hearters manufacturer‘s recommendations. One drop at the junction where blades are connected to the rotation arm should help to keep the fan running smoothly. If the fan is used in a room with high humidity, such as a bathroom, this operation should be repeated every 3 to 6 months, or if squeaking occurs. Replace the fan cover onto the heater face.

   • 5

     Return the electric heater to its operational position. Plug it in and turn it on. Check that the gauges and settings are working. Monitor the heating ability to determine a satisfactory condition. Once temperature settings are reached and maintained, the unit should be good for use.

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Industrial electric cartridge heater

Applications

Application at High Watt Densities — Type CIR cartridge heaters are designed and manufactured to provide watt density capabilities second to none. To obtain best life at the highest watt densities allowed per Curve G-235 in the Application Guidelines, close attention to application details is suggested.

• A. For closest fit and best heat transfer, holes should be drilled and reamed, rather than just drilled to final diameter with a general- purpose drill.
• B. The sensor for the temperature control should be placed between the working surface of the part and the heaters. The temperature of the part approximately 1/2″ away from the heaters is used in selecting maximum allowable watt density from the graph.
• C. Control of power is an important consider- ation in high watt density cartridge heater applications. On/Off control is frequently utilized, but it can cause wide excursions in the temperature of the heater and working parts. SCR power controls are valuable in extending the life of high watt density heaters, since they effectively eliminate on-off cycling.

Application at Medium Watt Densities — Curve G-235 in the Application Guidelines shows maximum allowable watt density for various fits and operating temperatures. The vast majority of applications do not require maximum W/In ² , however. Use a watt density only as high as you need. Take advantage of the safety margin provided by using ratings less than the maximum allowed. Select and space heaters for most even heat pattern rather than for highest possible wattage per heater.

At medium watt densities, general purpose drills are usually adequate for drilling holes. Typically, these result in holes 0.003 to 0.008″ over the normal size of the drill, resulting in fi ts of 0.01 to 0.015″. Of course, the tightest fit is desirable from a heat transfer standpoint, but somewhat looser fits aid in installing and removing cartridge heaters, especially long ones. Holes drilled completely through the part are recommended to facilitate removal of the heater. After drilling, clean

Operation in Vacuum — When Specialist Heaters are operated in a block which is in a vacuum, the inside of the holes should be pre-oxidized to improve emissivity. Substantial reductions in maximum allowable watt density are usually necessary for vacuum operation. Where possible, the installation should be designed so that the lead end of the heater is outside the vacuum. When the lead end of the heater is inside the vacuum, a voltage of 120 volts or less is recommended. On an unsealed heater, outgassing may be expected.

Operation in Square Grooves — Round type CIR cartridge heaters may be installed in square or v-shaped grooves if this proves convenient. The inside of the groove should be treated to improve its emissivity (by oxidizing or anodizing). Allowable W/In ² can be estimated by using the 0.05″ fit line in the graph, providing that the square is approximately the same width as the nominal diameter of the heater.

Operation on 480V — Chromalox type CIR cartridge heaters 5/8″ diameter and larger can be operated on 480 volts. One approach is to take two stock 240 volt heaters and connect them in series on 480 volts. Another is to order specially rated 480 volt cartridge heaters. Check with your Local Chromalox Sales office for recommendations.

Because of higher voltage stresses inside the heater, lower maximum watt densities are allowable in 480 volt applications, either with two 240 volt heaters in series or with specially rated 480 volt units. To determine maximum allowable watt density at 480 volts, enter Curve G-235 with an operating temperature value which is 200°F higher than the actual operating temperature. A maximum operating temperature of 1000°F is suggested.

Cartridge Heater Testing Recommendations

Testing Recommendations—Testing under simulated operating conditions is suggested when equipment manufacturers design new products. Cartridge heaters of the appropriate physical size are operated on a variable transformer until the heat output is at the proper level. Then, voltage and current measurements are taken and required wattage rating is calculated. Heaters of the correct wattage rating are then ordered for the designed product.

Design of a mold should ideally include the heater in order to locate the heat where it is really needed. Access to heaters, thermocouples and connectors is crucial to a good mold design.

Heater Selection

Selecting the right heater for a molding application is critical to the success of any operation. The most common heating elements specified for use in molds are cartridge heaters, heating tubular and strip heaters.

In order to select the right heater for an application, heat requirements as well as physical requirements need to be considered. Heat requirements include knowing the temperature that needs to be reached and how quickly, along with an awareness of potential heat loss due to conduction, radiation and convection. Physical requirements include evaluating the physical space in which the heater needs to fit and any insulation, lead terminations and junction boxes that require additional space.

Heater Installation

Once the heater is selected, the following factors must be considered: temperature control, lead terminations, condensation, insulation, ground connections and accessibility. Each of these factors needs to be addressed prior to installation.

Temperature Control/Thermocouples

Proper temperature control will ensure consistent part production. The selection of a temperature controller is simply based on features and characteristics that are essential. The majority of current designed controls have a full range of diagnostic functions to check processing conditions. The most important are the location of thermocouples, evaluation of control zones and optimization of amperage (normally 15 or 30 amps).

Basic control of the mold temperature may be as simple as inserting a thermocouple into the mold and attaching it to an exposed surface. Certain types of heaters have built-in thermocouples. Fast Heat Cartridge Heaters with internally positioned thermocouples are located in several possible positions along the heater’s length. The most common positions and types of cartridge heater thermocouples are bottom grounded at the end disc opposite the leads; positioned at a point along the heater length and grounded to the sheath; or positioned in the center of the heater for relative temperature sensing.

In the U.S. plastic molding industry, type “J” iron/constantan thermocouples are the most commonly specified. There are basic procedures to follow when checking the integrity of the thermocouple. Start by inspecting the connections at the control, checking the continuity of the T/C to see its condition and watching for pinching that may cause a secondary or false junction. These inspection procedures apply to thermocouples externally applied to a mold as well as those that are internally positioned.

When a thermocouple fails, production time may be lost while replacing the heater. A solution is to use removable mineral-insulated thermocouples, which are available in a bottom grounded design – thus eliminating the need to remove the heater for replacement. This style of removable thermocouple also is available in some runnerless bushings, probes and torpedoes.

Lead Wire Channels

When a current is circulating through the lead wires, it tends to generate heat and magnetic fields. It is not a good idea to press these wires together, so if possible always oversize wire channels by 50 percent. It also is recommended to split wires into different channels and cover the external wire channels to prevent damage. Bends in lead exits should never be forced and enough length should be left to comfortably make junction box connections. Corners should be rounded to avoid the peeling of insulation during assembly. Finally, all wires should be tagged to avoid confusion in the junction box connections.

Condensation

Heaters used in molding applications are susceptible to condensation, as the heater is generally hot and the mold is generally cold. This is a combination that produces unavoidable condensation. To minimize damage, properly designing the draining channels from the leads to the bottom of the mold is essential. The wire channel should always move away from the heater at a 45-degree angle to keep condensation water from reaching the heater connections. High density electric cartridge heater can be sealed against moisture by potting with RTV or epoxy, or by wiping the terminal area with a silicone varnish.

Another common moisture problem occurs when heaters are taken out of storage and placed directly into mold operation. Not only can this cause excessive electrical leakage, but also may result in a grounded condition. Unless the heating elements were constructed to be sealed against moisture, they will most likely have absorbed moisture from a previous cool down process. Following some basic start-up procedures on the molding floor will help to slowly drive any moisture out of the heater. Some temperature controls on the market monitor the leakage current to ground. When this current exceeds an acceptable standard level, the power output is reduced – slowly baking out the system until the safe level is reached. Then full power battery is applied to the heater. This type of function is often called “soft start.”

Insulation

Design of a mold should ideally include the heater in order to locate the heat where it is really needed. Insulating supports and blocks can be designed so that the heat is located in specific mold spots, keeping heat loss to a minimum. Ceramics, titanium and other special materials such as polymides can be used, generally providing good performance at a reasonable cost. Insulating materials may be purchased standard or machined to final dimensions to fit all heating elements applications. Proper placement of water channels close to the insulation will allow for better control of the remaining heat.

Termination Boxes

Today’s market offers numerous options for termination (junction) boxes that may be used in various applications. Clear indications for connections, power separate from T/C, terminals clearly numerated and a good male/female fit are characteristics that should be included in a junction box. The best location for the box is on top of the mold, avoiding water contact or hydraulic spills. It also is a good idea to locate the junction box separate from the mold by at least one inch – protecting it from vibrations and shocks.

Ground Connections

Electricity always finds the shortest path to ground. If other grounding is not present, that path will always be the T/C, which can produce failure and will eventually burn out the thermocouple. A T/C is designed to handle .008 volts, while a standard power leakage can be as high as 50 to 80 volts – depending on the initial moisture present in the heater. Improper ground connections are a major cause of mold downtime, therefore it is important to make sure that the termination box is “grounded” to the mold.

Accessibility

Access to heaters, thermocouples and connectors is crucial to a good mold design. Keeping downtime to a minimum depends on easy access for maintenance. Whenever possible, a knockout hole should be incorporated into the mold design to allow the heater to be pulled out with fewer complications. When it is necessary to remove a heater for maintenance purposes, extraction also can be complicated by oxidation and contamination as well as by heater length. To facilitate removal under difficult circumstances, flanges, threaded bushings, a pull strap or other appendage styles should be considered. A last resort for removing a seized cartridge heater is to drill it out – leaving the hole enlarged, rough and uneven. In this case, the hole diameter should be increased to the next heater diameter.

Making the time to concentrate on proper heater selection and installation will help provide a mold operation with cost savings, minimal downtime and consistent part production.

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Instructions

1. Assuming that a visual inspection of the element has been done or isn’t possible.

2. First we need to know what the resistance of the element should be this can be calculated using known values:

3. R = (V x V) / P [Where V is the voltage powering the element, P is the power the element uses and R is the resistance.] (An example calculation is shown in the tips section)

4. Now we Know what resistance we are looking for we can check the element.

5. Set the multimeter to the resistance setting with an appropriate measuring scale selected.

6. With the power off, Unplugged or by other means disconnected from the mains. Measure the resistance of the heating element by connecting the multimeter leads across the terminals of the heating element.

stainless high density heating tube

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7. If the reading is the same or very close to that of the calculated value then the element is OK and the fault lies elsewhere.

8. If the reading is a lot higher than the calculated value the element is failing and wont be heating fully.

high temperature resistance cartridge heater

9. If the reading is a lot lower than the calculated value the element is failing and will be heating to much or not at all if part of the element has exploded.

Tips

• If you don’t know the value of the voltage used by the element you could measure the voltage between the terminals of the heating elements with the device powered and on.
• Lets take an 800W kettle as an example:
• P = 800W,
• V = 230V (UK mains voltage),
• R = (230 x 230) / 800 = 66.1 Ohms

Warnings

Note: Take care when dealing with electricity. If you’re not confident in your ability to work with electricity then don’t do it. Ask some one who is, such as an electrician or an electrical engineer.

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What is a Cartridge Heater?

A cartridge heater is a device that is usually tubular and is inserted into drilled holes of metal blocks for heating.

Cartridge Heater Selection

The key questions which need to be answered before
selecting a cartridge heater are:

• How much wattage is required?

• What voltage will be used?

• What is the heated length required?

• How long do the heater leads need to be?

• What is the diameter required?

• What is maximum temperature?

• What is the time required to reach your temperature?

• What is the ambient temperature?

Application Of Cartridge Heaters

The majority of applications do not require maximum watt/in². Use a watt density only as high as needed. Take advantage of the safety margin provided by using ratings less than the maximum allowed. Select space heaters for most even heat pattern rather than the highest possible wattage per heater.
At medium Watt densities, general purpose drills are usually adequate for drilling holes. Typically, these result in holes .003″ to .008″ over the nominal size of the drill, resulting in fits of .010″ .015″. Of course, the tightest fit is desirable from a heat transfer standpoint, but somewhat looser fits aid in installing and removing cartridge heaters, especially long ones. Holes drilled completely through the part are recommended to facilitate removal of the heater. After drilling, clean or degrease the part to remove cutting lubricants.
At high Watt densities holes should be drilled and reamed, rather than just drilled to final diameter with a general purpose drill. At high watt densities, a close fit is important. The fit is the difference between the minimum diameter of the heater and maximum diameter of the hole. For example, at 1/2″ diameter an OMEGALUX cartridge heater is actually .498″ plus 000″ minus .005″. If this heater is placed in a hole which has been drilled and reamed to a diameter of .503″ – .493″ = .010″).

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Temperature Controllers and Sensors for
Cartridge Heaters

The sensor for the temperature control is also an important factor and should be placed between the working surface of the part and the heaters. The temperature of the part approximately 1/2″ away from the heaters is used in selecting maximum allowable Watt density from the graph.

Control of power is an important consideration in high Watt density applications. On-off control is frequently utilized, but it can cause wide excursions in the temperature of the heater and working parts. Thyristor power controls are valuable in extending the life of high Watt density heaters, since they effectively eliminate on-off cycling.

There are a variety of temperature controllers and sensors one can use depending on the application. One of the more popular sensor types for cartride heater applications are the surface mount temperature sensors. Thermocouple, RTD or Thermistors are available with an adhesive backing or the ability to be cemented to the surface being heated. There also bolt on and magnetic surface mount type temperature sensors available. Digital temperature controllers come in many different sizes with many output and input choices. Thermcouple and RTD inputs are the most popular with a dc pulse output. DC pulse ouputs allow the user to go to a larger relay to switch the heater load and use proportional control versus on/off control which can shorten the heater life.

high density electric cartridge heater

Important Formula To Know:
Determining Watt Density

The term “Watt density” refers to the heat flow rate or surface loading. It is the number of Watts per square inch of heated surface area. For calcualation purposes, stock cartridge heaters have a 1/4″ unheated length at each end. Thus, for a 1/2″ x 12″ heater rated 1000 Watts, the Watt density calculation would be as follows:

Watt Density = W / (Π x D x HL)

Where:
W= wattage = 1000 W
Π = pi (3.14)
D= diameter = 0.5 inch
HL = Heated Length = 11.5 inch
Watt Density = 1000/(3.14 x .5 x 11.5) = 55 W/in

Cartridge Heaters
	1/4″ Diameter Cartridge Heaters OMEGALUX® CIR series high watt density cartridge heaters are manufactured to the highest industry standards using only premium materials. They have been designed to last longer and outperform any other brand cartridge heater in both laboratory and industrial applications. Their heavy duty construction provides high dielectric strength as well as shock and vibration resistance.
	1/2″ Diameter Cartridge Heaters OMEGALUX® CIR series high watt density cartridge heaters are especially well suited for use in applications involving molds, dies, platens, hot plates, and sealing operations.
	3/8″ Diameter Cartridge Heaters OMEGALUX® CIR series high watt density cartridge heaters are especially well suited for use in applications involving molds, dies, platens, hot plates, and sealing operations. They are available in lengths from 1 to 24″.
	3/4″ Diameter Cartridge Heaters OMEGALUX® CIR series high Watt density cartridge heaters are especially well suited for use in applications involving molds, dies, platens, hot plates, and sealing operations. They are available in lengths from 2 1/4″ to 48″.
	Heavy Duty Cartridge Heaters OMEGALUX® C Series heavy duty cartridge heaters are especially suited for use in applications involving hot plates, molds, dies, platens and container heating.
	Electric Stud Heaters CBH Series heaters are constructed of rugged metal sheathed tubular elements homogeneously combined with a metal sleeve that has been accurately dimensioned to provide a proper clearance and ease of inserting into standard drill hole sizes so large bolts or studs may be rapidly expanded and tightened with a wrench, providing ‘’shrink fit tightness” when cool. Useful in assembly of large compressors, presses, turbines, die blocks, cylinders, engine heads, pressure vessels, etc. Quick heat-up is important to avoid heat drain-away of surrounding metal. CBH heaters are generally used in sets to permit uniform tightening of mating parts.

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Most heating elements use Nichrome 80/20 (80% nickel, 20% chromium) wire, ribbon, or strip. Nichrome 80/20 is an ideal material, because it has relatively high resistance and forms an adherent layer of chromium oxide when it is heated for the first time. Material beneath the wire will not oxidize, preventing the wire from breaking or burning out.

• Resistance wire: may be wire or ribbon, straight or coiled. Used in common items such as toasters and hair dryers, furnaces for industrial heating, floor heating, roof heating, pathway heating to melt snow, dryers etc. Most common wires are from the following classes

Kanthal (FeCrAl) wires

Nichrome 80/20 wire and strip

Cupronickel (CuNi) alloys for low temperature heating

• Molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2, molybdenum silicide, or MOSI2), an intermetallic compound, a silicide of molybdenum, is a refractory ceramic with primary use in heating elements. It has moderate density, melting point 2030 °C, and is electrically conductive. At high temperatures it forms a passivation layer of silicon dioxide, protecting it from further oxidation. Application area is Glass Industry, Ceramic sintering, heat treatment furnaces, semiconductor diffusion furnace

• Molybdenum disilicide doped with Al or Mo(Si,Al)2, an intermetallic compound, a silicide of molybdenum, is a refractory ceramic with primary use in heating elements. At high temperatures it forms a passivation layer of alumina (Al2O3) protecting it from corrosion or further oxidation. Application area is Glass Industry, Ceramic sintering, heat treatment furnaces, semiconductor diffusion furnace. Working 300 oC higher in reducing atmospheres than MoSi2.

• Screen-printed metal–ceramic tracks deposited on ceramic insulated metal (generally steel) plates. These elements have found widespread application for kettles and other domestic appliances since the mid 1990s.

• Etched Foil: elements are generally made from the same alloys as Resistance wire elements, but are produced with a subtractive photo-etching process that starts with a continuous sheet of metal foil and ends with a complex resistance pattern. These elements are commonly found in precision heating applications such as Medical Diagnostics, Satellite, and Aerospace.
  

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• Tubular (sealed element, often known by the trademark “Calrod”): a fine coil of Nickel chrome wire in a ceramic insulating binder (MgO, alumina powder), sealed inside a tube made of stainless steel or brass. These can be a straight rod (as in toaster ovens) or curved to span an area to be heated (such as in electric stoves, ovens, and coffee makers).

• Heat lamp: a high-powered incandescent lamp usually run at less than maximum power to radiate mostly infrared instead of visible light. These are usually found in radiant space heaters and food warmers, taking either a long, tubular form or an R40 reflector-lamp form. The reflector lamp style is often tinted red to minimize the visible light produced; the tubular form is always clear.

• PTC ceramic: This material is named for its Positive Thermal Coefficient of resistance. Most ceramics have a negative coefficient; most metals, a positive one. While metals do become slightly more resistant at higher temperatures, this class of ceramics (often barium titanate and lead titanate composites) has a highly nonlinear thermal response, so that it becomes extremely resistant above a composition-dependent threshold temperature. This behavior causes the material to act as its own thermostat, since current passes when it is cool, and does not when it is hot. Thin films of this material are used in automotive rear-window defrost heaters, and honeycomb-shaped elements are used in more expensive hair dryers and space heaters.

• Thick film technology:

Heating elements for high-temperature furnaces are often made of exotic materials, including platinum, molybdenum disilicide, molybdenum (vacuum furnaces) and silicon carbide. Silicon carbide igniters are common in gas ovens.

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Crimped Leads Style CL Flexible stranded lead wire is crimped with a high temperature connector to the end of the solid conductor and electrically insulated with 1-1/2″ of high temperature sleeving.	Determine Overall Length, Diameter, Lead Length & Style. .. Check the wattage and voltage you need and call 86-0755-29835076 or use the easy form at the bottom of the page!
Internally Connected Leads (Swaged Leads) Style SL Internally connected leads offer maximum flexibility at point of entry to cap, allowing a high degree of flexing as well as the ability to bend the leads sharply adjacent to the fast heat cartridge heater.
Straight Braid Style SB Stainless steel braid protects leads from abrasion or sharp  equipment while allowing flexibility.
Straight Hose Style SH Stainless steel hose protects leads from abrasion on sharp equipment while allowing flexibility.
Teflon Leads Style ST Internally connected teflon leads seal and resist moisture and oil in heating elements applications up to 480°F.  This option is available on 1/4″ to 3/4″ units.  A minimum cold section of 5/8″ at the lead end is required.	Determine Overall Length, Diameter, Lead Length & Style..
Teflon Leads with Braid Style STB Cartridge heater. Internally connected teflon leads seal and resist moisture and oil in applications up to 480°F at the lead end.  This option is available on 3/8″ and 1/2″ units.  A minimum cold section of 5/8″ at the lead end is required.
Teflon Leads with Hose Style STH Cartridge heater. Stainless steel hose protects internally connected teflon leads and resists moisture and oil in applications up to 480°F at the lead end.  This option is available on 3/8″ and 1/2″ units.  A minimum cold section of  5/8″ at the lead end is required.
Internal Sheath Thermocouple Style JB or KB Cartridge heaters. Internal thermocouple junction is located adjacent to the inside heater sheath to monitor the part temperature.  (JB specifies type “J” thermocouple, KB specifies type “K” thermocouple.)
Internal End Thermocouple Style JC or KC Cartridge heaters. Internal thermocouple junction is located at the end disc to monitor the material flow past the end of the heater. (JC specifies type “J” thermocouple, KC specifies type “K” thermocouple.)	Determine Overall Length, Diameter, Lead Length & Style..
Ceramic Bead Style CB Ceramic bead insulation protects the leads from  high temperature environments (above 500°F / 260°C).  The beads fit over the solid conductors which extend far enough to reach a cooler area where flexible wires can be attached.
Right Angle Leads Style NRL Right angle leads offer high flexibility and are often used when space limitations are critical.  Not available with internal thermocouple.
Right Angle Hose Style NRH Cartridge heater. Right angle stainless steel hose protects leads from abrasion or sharp equipment and is often used when space limitations are critical. Not available with internal thermocouple.	Determine Overall Length, Diameter, Lead Length & Style..
Right Angle Overbraid Style NRB Right angle stainless steel braid protects leads from abrasion and is often used when space limitations are critical.  Not available with internal thermocouple.
Copper Elbow with Leads Style CE Cartridge heater. Copper elbow offers right angle exit of leads used when space limitations are not as critical.  Available with internal thermocouple.
Copper Elbow with Hose Style CH Copper elbow with hose for right angle exit of leads with protection against abrasive environment.  Used when space limitations are not as critical.  Available with internal thermocouple.	Determine Overall Length, Diameter, Lead Length & Style..
Copper Elbow with Braid Style CS Copper elbow with braid for right angle exit of leads with protection against abrasive environment. Used when space limitations are not as critical.  Available with internal thermocouple.
Threaded Fitting Style TFB (Brass Fitting)Style TFS (Stainless Steel Fitting) Threaded fittings provide fast, removable installation into a threaded hole.  Silicone potting moisture seals can also be used in conjunction with the threaded fitting option.  Specify brass or stainless steel, unheated length, and if needed, water-tight.	Brass Fittings Diameter Pipe Thread Size “A” Dimension Minimum Unheated Length 1/4″ 1/8″ 9/16″ 13/16″ 3/8″ 1/4″ 5/8″ 7/8″ 1/2″ 3/8″ 5/8″ 7/8″ 5/8″ 1/2″ 3/4″ 1″ 3/4″ 3/4″ 7/8″ 1 – 1/8″ Stainless Steel Fittings Diameter Pipe Thread Size “A” Dimension Minimum Unheated Length 1/4″ 1/8″ 5/8″ 7/8″ 3/8″ 1/4″ 5/8″ 7/8″ 1/2″ 3/8″ 3/4″ 1″ 5/8″ 1/2″ 13/16″ 1 – 1/16″ 3/4″ 3/4″ 15/16″ 1 – 3/16″ Please note that the fitting may be placed flush with the end of the heater or anywhere along the length of the cartridge heater.
Post Terminals Style PT Cartridge heater. Post terminals provide a fast, neat connection to ring, spade connectors or bus strips.  Threaded 10-24 studs are brazed to the solid nickel conductor.  Available only in 5/8″, 16.5 mm, 3/4″ and 20 mm sizes.
Mounting Flanges Style MF Mounting flanges may be welded to heater at lead end and is available on all standard diameters.  Recommended in applications involving excessive vibration.
Distributed Wattage Style DW Cartridge heater. Distributed wattage concentrates extra heat where it is needed.  This is particularly useful to compensate for high heat losses along the edges of heated parts.  Specify number of zones, zone lengths, and wattage distribution.
Multi-Zone or Three Phase Cartridge Heater Style MZ Flexible standard lead wire is crimped with a nickel connector to the end of the solid conductor and electrically insulate with 1-1/2″ of high temperature sleeving.  Heater has 3 individually controlled heated zones or may be used as a three phase heater.

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• cartridge heater CH 13067 PT

Cartridge heaters are cheap, robust and easy to install. Highly compacted they reach a surface watt density of up to 50 W/cm² and withstand highest stress. Apart from our broad standard range we also develop and manufacture cartridge heaters according to your special demands.

In linguistic usage occasionally these terms are used:

   » insertion heaters

   » spiral cartridge heaters   

High density cartridge heaters distinguish themselves by their high compression and therefore especially efficient heat emission. That’s why we produce them with a ground surface for a h7/H7 fit.

The resistance wire is spooled on a ceramic core as shown on the photograph. Afterwards the space between wire and cartridge sheath is filled with MgO. Finally the cartridge is swaged and thus compressed.

Advantage of this construction is the resistance wire’s short distance to the sheath, the resulting very good heat emission and the excellent control response. 

Low voltage cartridge heaters are unipolar elements in which the heating coil (NiCr 80/20) lies embedded in high compacted MgO co-axial to the sheath. On one side it is connected with the lead, on the other side with the bottom disc (earthing).
Standard leads: 500 mm fibre glass insulated nickel leads.

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• cartridge heating elements
• nichrome wire ribbon
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